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Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed. 相似文献
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Cui P. Mao Fen R. Chen Jiao H. Huo Liang Zhang Gui R. Zhang Bing Zhang Xiao Q. Zhou 《Human brain mapping》2020,41(13):3655-3666
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder involving dysfunctional brain–gut interactions characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and negative emotion. Previous studies have linked the habenula to the pathophysiology of negative emotion and pain. However, no studies to date have investigated habenular function in IBS patients. In this study, we investigated the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity of the habenula in 34 subjects with IBS and 34 healthy controls and assessed the feasibility of differentiating IBS patients from healthy controls using a machine learning method. Our results showed significantly enhanced rsFC of the habenula‐left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and habenula‐periaqueductal grey (PAG, dorsomedial part), as well as decreased rsFC of the habenula‐right thalamus (dorsolateral part), in the IBS patients compared with the healthy controls. Habenula‐thalamus rsFC was positively correlated with pain intensity (r = .467, p = .005). Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) revealed significantly decreased effective connectivity from the right habenula to the right thalamus in the IBS patients compared to the healthy controls that was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = ?.407, p = .017). In addition, IBS was classified with an accuracy of 71.5% based on the rsFC of the habenula‐dlPFC, habenula‐thalamus, and habenula‐PAG in a support vector machine (SVM), which was further validated in an independent cohort of subjects (N = 44, accuracy = 65.2%, p = .026). Taken together, these findings establish altered habenular rsFC and effective connectivity in IBS, which extends our mechanistic understanding of the habenula's role in IBS. 相似文献
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Sarah J. Welsh Nicola Thompson Anne Warren Andrew N. Priest Tristan Barrett Stephan Ursprung Ferdia A. Gallagher Fulvio Zaccagna Grant D. Stewart Kate M. Fife Athena Matakidou Andrea J. Machin Wendi Qian Victoria Ingleson Jean Mullin Antony C. P. Riddick James N. Armitage Stephen Connolly Timothy G. Q. Eisen 《BJU international》2022,130(2):244-253
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B. Cai B. Ran Q. Li Z.H. Li F.N. Li M. Li W.J. Yan 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(1):91-95
Our goal was to analyze the anatomical parameters of the lumbar spine spinous process
for an interspinous stabilization device designed for the Chinese population and to
offer an anatomical basis for its clinical application. The posterior lumbar spines
(T12-S1) of 52 adult cadavers were used for measuring the
following: distance between two adjacent spinous processes (DB), distance across two
adjacent spinous processes (DA), thickness of the central spinous processes (TC),
thickness of the superior margin of the spinous processes (TS), thickness of the
inferior margin of the spinous processes (TI), and height of the spinous processes
(H). Variance and correlation analyses were conducted for these data, and the data
met the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance. DB decreased gradually from
L1-2 to L5-S1. DA increased from
T12-L1 to L2-3 and then decreased from
L2-3 to L4-5. The largest H in males was noted at
L3 (25.45±5.96 mm), whereas for females the largest H was noted at
L4 (18.71±4.50 mm). Usually, TS of the adjacent spinous process was
lower than TI. Based on the anatomical parameters of the lumbar spinous processes
obtained in this study, an “H”-shaped coronal plane (posterior view) was proposed as
an interspinous stabilization device for the Chinese population. This study reports
morphometric data of the lumbar spinous processes in the Chinese population, which
provides an anatomical basis for future clinical applications. 相似文献
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